Short-term postseismic deformation of the 2004 Sumatra earthquake

Decadal-scale postseismic deformation of subduction earthquakes has been widely modeled using a Maxwell viscoelastic Earth with a mantle-wedge viscosity of about 10^19 Pa s. Short-term postseismic deformation within a few years after the earthquake remains a more challenging problem because of the predominance of afterslip of the megathrust and the potentially more complex mantle rheology. 

Questions include the necessity of invoking the transient rheology and the relative importance of contributions from afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation. 

Primary observational constraints for the short-term postseismic deformation include
1 year net displacements of nine near-field GPS sites and
3 year time series from three far-field sites several hundred kilometers from the 2004 rupture zone. Model results indicate that the afterslip of the fault must be at work within the first few years after the earthquake. The observed deformation is best explained with a model that includes both the afterslip and transient rheology. In the preferred model, the transient and steady state viscosities of the mantle wedge are 5x10^17 Pa s

and 10^19 Pa s, respectively.

This work was published on JGR:

Hu, Y., & K. Wang (2012), Spherical-Earth finite element model of short-term postseismic deformation following the 2004 Sumatra earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., 117(B5), B05404, doi:10.1029/2012JB009153. Link